DEN-ih-grayt
(verb) To unfairly criticize or belittle someone or something.
His speech denigrated the work of his competitors without offering any real solutions.
Fun Fact
“Denigrate” comes from the Latin denigrare, meaning “to blacken.” It once had literal and figurative meanings, but today it’s used almost exclusively to describe verbal attacks. It’s especially common in political rhetoric and professional rivalries.
shuh-GRIN
(noun) A feeling of distress or embarrassment caused by failure or disappointment.
To her chagrin, the carefully planned surprise party was spoiled by an accidental group text.
From French chagrin, meaning “sorrow” or “vexation,” possibly derived from a word for “rough skin” — like something that irritates.
Fun Fact
The word chagrin carries an emotional texture that’s more complex than simple embarrassment — it’s a blend of frustration, disappointment, and self-directed annoyance. In 17th-century France, chagrin described both emotional irritation and literal roughness, as if one’s pride had been rubbed raw. Writers often use it to show quiet, internal defeat rather than public humiliation — the kind that makes you wince later, long after the moment has passed.
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