ih-FRUN-tuh-ree
(noun) Shameless or impudent boldness.
She had the effrontery to interrupt the professor mid-lecture and correct him.
Fun Fact
“Effrontery” has been part of the English language since the 1700s and originally described behavior so rude it seemed to show a “barefaced” lack of shame. It’s a word you’ll find in classic literature and courtroom drama alike—where confidence crosses the line into arrogance.
dawg-MAT-ik
(adjective) Asserting opinions or beliefs in an arrogant, rigid, and often unyielding way.
His dogmatic approach left no room for compromise or alternative ideas.
Mid 17th century: from late Latin dogmaticus, from Greek dogmatikos, from dogma ‘opinion, tenet’.
Fun Fact
Dogmatic is often used in politics, academia, or religion—anywhere someone clings to a belief system so tightly that opposing views are dismissed outright. It doesn’t necessarily mean the belief is wrong—just that it’s inflexibly held. In leadership or conversation, being called dogmatic is rarely a compliment; it suggests stubborn conviction without curiosity or tolerance.