in-KAR-nut
(adjective) Embodied in human or physical form.
He was evil incarnate, with no sign of remorse or compassion.
Fun Fact
While often used in religious texts (God incarnate), the word pops up in modern fantasy, comics, and horror—a villain might be fear incarnate, or a hero justice incarnate. In philosophy, it explores how abstract concepts like love or freedom become real and felt through action and embodiment.
shuh-GRIN
(noun) A feeling of distress or embarrassment caused by failure or disappointment.
To her chagrin, the carefully planned surprise party was spoiled by an accidental group text.
From French chagrin, meaning “sorrow” or “vexation,” possibly derived from a word for “rough skin” — like something that irritates.
Fun Fact
The word chagrin carries an emotional texture that’s more complex than simple embarrassment — it’s a blend of frustration, disappointment, and self-directed annoyance. In 17th-century France, chagrin described both emotional irritation and literal roughness, as if one’s pride had been rubbed raw. Writers often use it to show quiet, internal defeat rather than public humiliation — the kind that makes you wince later, long after the moment has passed.
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