OB-stuh-nut
(adjective) Stubbornly refusing to change one’s opinion or course of action.
Despite undeniable evidence, he remained obstinate in his belief that the earth was flat.
Fun Fact
“Obstinate” shares roots with the word “obstacle.” While it’s often negative, the trait has sometimes been admired in revolutionaries, inventors, and activists. Historical figures from Galileo to Rosa Parks were once described as obstinate for defying norms.
ree-DOW-tuh-bul
(adjective) Formidable and commanding respect, especially because of strength or ability.
She was a redoubtable opponent in the courtroom, known for her precision and intensity.
Fun Fact
Though it includes “doubt” in its spelling, “redoubtable” is no contradiction. It comes from Old French and Latin, meaning to be feared and respected. It’s often used to describe generals, debaters, or intellectuals who are almost intimidating in their brilliance.
OB-stuh-nut
(adjective) Stubbornly refusing to change one’s opinion or course of action.
Despite undeniable evidence, he remained obstinate in his belief that the earth was flat.
Fun Fact
“Obstinate” shares roots with the word “obstacle.” While it’s often negative, the trait has sometimes been admired in revolutionaries, inventors, and activists. Historical figures from Galileo to Rosa Parks were once described as obstinate for defying norms.
in-SIP-id
(adjective) Lacking flavor, excitement, or interest; dull.
The professor’s insipid lecture made it hard for anyone to stay awake.
Fun Fact
While its original culinary usage referred to tasteless food, “insipid” has become more commonly used to criticize bland writing, uninspired conversations, or lifeless performances. Film and literary critics often use it to describe works that fail to evoke any emotional response.
EE-dikt
(noun) An official order or proclamation issued by someone in authority.
The emperor’s edict banned all public gatherings for the rest of the month.
Fun Fact
The word “edict” is often associated with royal declarations. One of the most famous is the Edict of Milan (313 AD), which helped establish religious tolerance in the Roman Empire. In modern contexts, it still carries a weight of top-down control, from corporate memos to government mandates.
SUR-kum-spekt
(adjective) Careful to consider all risks and consequences before acting.
The attorney remained circumspect during the negotiations, declining to rush into any decisions.
Fun Fact
While “circumspect” may sound like a formal word, its roots simply mean “to look around.” In ancient Rome, it was considered a virtue to act with circumspection in matters of state and war. Today, it’s a favorite in business, diplomacy, and even parenting—anywhere caution is considered a strength.
WAHN-tuhn
(adjective) Excessive, deliberate, and unrestrained—especially in a cruel or reckless way.
The villain’s wanton destruction of the town shocked even his most loyal followers.
Fun Fact
In Shakespearean times, “wanton” was often used to describe lustful or unchaste behavior, but over the centuries, it expanded to cover all kinds of reckless or unjustifiable actions—from violent destruction to excessive luxury. It remains a favorite in legal language for actions that cross ethical lines.