VAK-yoo-us
(adjective) Lacking thought, intelligence, or meaning.
The President’s speech was filled with vacuous slogans and lacked substance.
Fun Fact
Vacuous is closely related to the word “vacuum”—think of something hollow or devoid of content. It’s frequently used in media criticism to describe interviews, reality TV dialogue, or political statements that sound nice but say nothing.
NOO-guh-tor-ee
(adjective) Of no value or importance; worthless or futile.
The committee’s recommendations proved nugatory since no one had the authority to implement them.
Early 17th century: from Latin “nugatorius,” from “nugari” meaning “to trifle,” derived from “nugae” meaning “jests” or “trifles.”
Fun Fact
Nugatory shares its Latin root with “nugacious” (trivial or futile) and connects to the idea of “nugae”—Roman slang for worthless chatter or trivial nonsense. Roman writers used “nugae” to describe everything from idle gossip to pointless poetry. Today, lawyers frequently deploy “nugatory” in legal writing to dismiss arguments as having no legal value whatsoever. It’s the formal, sophisticated way of saying something is completely pointless—though ironically, using such an elaborate word to express worthlessness might itself seem a bit nugatory.