WELL-ter
(noun) A confused mass or jumble; a state of turmoil.
The newsroom was a welter of papers, phones, and last-minute edits.
Fun Fact
Welter originally meant to roll or toss—used for waves or bodies. Today, it’s a favorite in political and economic reporting, often used to describe systems in disarray: a welter of ideas, regulations, or conflicting emotions. It’s chaos with a vocabulary upgrade.
dawg-MAT-ik
(adjective) Asserting opinions or beliefs in an arrogant, rigid, and often unyielding way.
His dogmatic approach left no room for compromise or alternative ideas.
Mid 17th century: from late Latin dogmaticus, from Greek dogmatikos, from dogma ‘opinion, tenet’.
Fun Fact
Dogmatic is often used in politics, academia, or religion—anywhere someone clings to a belief system so tightly that opposing views are dismissed outright. It doesn’t necessarily mean the belief is wrong—just that it’s inflexibly held. In leadership or conversation, being called dogmatic is rarely a compliment; it suggests stubborn conviction without curiosity or tolerance.