WIN-suhm
Her winsome smile immediately put everyone at ease during the meeting.
Fun Fact
“Winsome” originally meant “joy-bringing” in Old English. It’s a reminder that even small gestures, like a smile or a kind word, can have a disarming and uplifting effect on others.
KAS-tih-gayt
(verb) To reprimand someone severely; to criticize harshly.
The editor castigated the writer for missing yet another deadline.
Early 17th century: from Latin castigare, from castus ‘pure’ + agere ‘to drive’.
Fun Fact
Castigate doesn’t just mean to critique—it means to come down hard, often with a tone of moral authority. In the past, it could even refer to physical punishment, but today it’s used more metaphorically: a boss tearing into an employee, a coach yelling during halftime, or a pundit scolding a public figure. It’s always loud, sharp, and meant to correct.