im-PUR-vee-us
(adjective) Not allowing something to pass through; unaffected by external influences.
She remained impervious to criticism, focused entirely on her goal.
Fun Fact
Originally used to describe waterproof materials, “impervious” has become metaphorical over time. Now you might hear it in business meetings or therapy sessions to describe emotional resilience.
im-PUR-vee-us
(adjective) Not allowing something to pass through; unaffected by external influences.
She remained impervious to criticism, focused entirely on her goal.
Fun Fact
Originally used to describe waterproof materials, “impervious” has become metaphorical over time. Now you might hear it in business meetings or therapy sessions to describe emotional resilience.
AD-um-brayt
(verb) To foreshadow or suggest something partially or vaguely.
The novel adumbrates a political crisis that mirrors real-world tensions.
Fun Fact
From Latin “adumbratus,” meaning “to shadow or sketch out,” the term is common in literary and legal contexts. In Supreme Court opinions, justices may adumbrate future positions without making full arguments.
ree-DOW-tuh-bul
(adjective) Formidable and commanding respect, especially because of strength or ability.
She was a redoubtable opponent in the courtroom, known for her precision and intensity.
Fun Fact
Though it includes “doubt” in its spelling, “redoubtable” is no contradiction. It comes from Old French and Latin, meaning to be feared and respected. It’s often used to describe generals, debaters, or intellectuals who are almost intimidating in their brilliance.
OB-stuh-nut
(adjective) Stubbornly refusing to change one’s opinion or course of action.
Despite undeniable evidence, he remained obstinate in his belief that the earth was flat.
Fun Fact
“Obstinate” shares roots with the word “obstacle.” While it’s often negative, the trait has sometimes been admired in revolutionaries, inventors, and activists. Historical figures from Galileo to Rosa Parks were once described as obstinate for defying norms.
in-SIP-id
(adjective) Lacking flavor, excitement, or interest; dull.
The professor’s insipid lecture made it hard for anyone to stay awake.
Fun Fact
While its original culinary usage referred to tasteless food, “insipid” has become more commonly used to criticize bland writing, uninspired conversations, or lifeless performances. Film and literary critics often use it to describe works that fail to evoke any emotional response.
EE-dikt
(noun) An official order or proclamation issued by someone in authority.
The emperor’s edict banned all public gatherings for the rest of the month.
Fun Fact
The word “edict” is often associated with royal declarations. One of the most famous is the Edict of Milan (313 AD), which helped establish religious tolerance in the Roman Empire. In modern contexts, it still carries a weight of top-down control, from corporate memos to government mandates.