PET-yoo-luns
(noun) The quality of being childishly sulky or bad-tempered.
His petulance was on full display when the restaurant ran out of his favorite dessert.
Fun Fact
Petulance isn’t just for toddlers. In 17th-century court writings, the word was often used to describe nobles who threw fits when political decisions didn’t go their way. Even Shakespeare used variations of it to mock vain characters with bruised egos.
aw-STEER
(adjective) Severe or strict in manner or appearance; having no comforts or luxuries; pleasingly simple and unadorned.
The monastery’s austere design — bare stone walls, minimal furniture, and no decoration — was intentional, meant to keep the monks focused on contemplation rather than comfort.
Austere comes from the Greek austēros, meaning “harsh” or “rough to the taste,” originally used to describe the bitter, drying quality of unripe fruit. The word passed into Latin as austerus and then into Old French before arriving in English in the 14th century. Its early use referred to physical sensations before expanding to describe strict, unadorned behavior and environments.
Fun Fact
The ancient Spartans were the ancient world’s most famous practitioners of austerity — so much so that the word spartan itself became a synonym for bare-bones living. But “austerity” as a modern economic and political term surged in the 20th century, particularly during the Great Depression and again after the 2008 financial crisis, when governments cut public spending to reduce debt. Critics and supporters still hotly debate whether austerity measures actually work — making this a word that started describing a bitter taste and ended up at the center of global economic policy debates.